宾语从句讲解

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  • 复习目标】

    ▲掌握宾语从句的语序.▲掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词.

    ▲掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应.

    【课前准备】要求学生回顾宾语从句的概念及其用法,并用各种引导词各造一个句子.

    【知识要点】

    1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开.

    2.引导宾语从句的词有:

    连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if,whether,如:

    He knows that Jim will work hard.

    连接代词who,whom,which等,如:

    Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

    连接副词when,where,how,why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

    3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,

    不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

    4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.

    5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动

    词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如:

    He asked who could answer the question.

    My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

    6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词.

    7.当主句谓语动词是think,believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中.另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致.如:

    I don't think he looks like his father,does he?

    8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内,

    不用连词联接;间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接.

    (1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如:

    He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

    (2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如:

    He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

    ---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

    (3)特殊疑问句变为由who,what,where,how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如:

    He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

    ---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

    注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化.