什么叫主语从句 什么叫宾语从句

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  • 主语从句(Subject Clause)

    定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.

    第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语

    (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等

    (2)连词位于句首不能省略

    (3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9

    第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末

    (1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.It is +形容词名词某些动词ed that 从句.

    (2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should do should have done)

    主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法,介绍

    一.主语从句

    主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句.

    主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾.

    1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

    It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom.例如:

    It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

    2.用it 作形式主语的结构

    (1) It is 名词从句

    It is a fact that 事实是

    It is an honor that 非常荣幸

    It is common knowledge that 是常识

    (2) it is 形容词从句

    It is natural that 很自然

    It is strange that奇怪的是

    (3) it is 不及物动词从句

    It seems that似乎

    It happened that 碰巧

    (4) it 过去分词从句

    It is reported that 据报道

    It has been proved that 已证实

    3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

    (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首.

    (2) It is said ,(reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如:

    It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

    (3) It happens,It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如:

    It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

    (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如:

    It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

    (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前.例如:

    Is it likely that it will rain in the evening

    4.What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

    What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然.例如:

    What you said yesterday is right.

    二:宾语从句的几个特征:1、引导词:what which whose when whether if where

    2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句.

    如:I think that you must work harder.

    宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象.

    (1)表达时间的几个句型:一般用when或者是what time:

    What time will the train leave?

    由于时刻都是固定的,也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时:

    What time does the train leave?

    (2)时间的表达方式:8:19(nineteen past eight),(three to eight),在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes)

    (3)had better 动词原型.意思是提要求,建议.但是上下级不能用这种方式,因为语气太重:

    You had better give up smoking .

    (4)sb leave sth +地点

    I left my book in my classroom yesterday.

    (5)may I have your name(addressage)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等,不要习惯以前的问法,这样很不礼貌,而是要采访上面的问法.以前的习惯是:how old are you?what's your name?

    (6)修饰名词的代词次序:类+名词:

    this is a bridge.

    This is a beautiful bridge