结构分析
they：主语
may be：谓语；may助动词；be连系动词
much more tolerant of their environment：表语；much修饰比较级,more tolerant形容词比较级,of短语修饰tolerant.
multiplying under conditions：动词现在分词,补充说明
that：that从句引导词
would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds
would destroy：从句谓语；would助动词,destroy动词
immediately：副词,修饰动词destroy
any organism：从句宾语；any不定限定词,修饰名词organism
made of carbon compounds：过去分词短语作宾语补足语,
补充说明organism；of短语补充说明made；carbon名词修饰名词compounds
and：（从句中）并列连词
dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.
dependent：从句谓语
on the familiar carbon cycle：宾语；介宾短语修饰动词dependent,
其中定冠词the、形容词familiar、名词carbon都修饰名词cycle
参考译文：
底层的繁殖条件将立刻摧毁碳化合物构成的任何生物体,而其依赖于所熟悉的碳周期,（因此）他们(/它们)可能会更加容忍他们(/它们)的(生活)环境.
无上下文无法更准确的翻译,不过可能they应该译为‘它们’,指的是：细菌、真菌等微生物
仅供参考