while和when的用法

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  • when 与 while 用法解析

    连接词when与while是一对常与过去进行时合作的twins.但正如世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶一样,when与while在有着某些相似之处的同时,彼此也各有一些区别于对方的截然不同的“独特个性”.Do you want to know the differences between them?请看——

    ● when 解析版

    〔引导时间状语从句〕具体地说,它有以下几种含义:

    1.表明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行之中.例如:

    When the teacher came into the classroom ,we were reading English.当老师走进教室时,我们正在读英语.

    2.表明当某一动作正在进行时,另一动作发生了.如:

    When Kate was flying a kite,she found a wallet lying on the ground.凯特正在放风筝时,她发现地上有个钱包.

    〔特别提示〕当when从句放在主句之后时,它更强调某一动作的突然性,此时的when相当于and then,and suddenly,just at that time.如;

    1.We were watching TV when the telephone rang.(=We were watching TV and suddenly the telephone rang.)我们正在看电视,(突然)电话铃响了.

    试比较:When we were watching TV, the telephone rang.我们正在看电视时,电话铃响了.

    2.The boys were playing football when it began to rain.男孩子们正在踢球时,(不料)开始下雨了.

    3.I was taking a walk when I came across Lily.我正在散步时,(没想到)遇见了莉莉.

    特别是主句中有just,或when从句中有suddenly时,这种突然性更为明显、强烈.例如:

    4.He was just falling asleep when he heard someone shout,“Stop the thief!”他刚要入睡,突然听到有人喊:“抓贼!”

    5.We were doing our homework at school last night when the lights went out.昨天晚上我们正在学校写作业时,灯(突然)灭了.

    〔相关链接〕when引导的状语从句除了上述意义之外,也常具有其他一些含义:

    1.一……就……(=as soon as)

    We will stand up when the teacher comesin.老师一进来我们就起立.

    2.虽然;然而;可是(=although)

    We had only five boxes when we needed eight.我们需要八个箱子,可是只有五个.

    3.每当……(=whenever)

    It is always very hot here when it is summer.每当夏季,这儿总是很热.

    4.既然(=since,as)

    Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike?既然你知道该骑自行车来,你为何还要步行呢?

    ● while 解析版

    while引导状语从句,有以下两种含义:

    1.表示某个动作正在进行的同时,另一动作也在进行之中,这时主从句都用进行时态,有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味.如:

    While I was playing the piano,she was dancing.我在弹钢琴,她在跳舞.

    While Jim is picking apples,Kate is carrying apples to the truck.吉姆正在摘苹果,凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去.

    2.表示某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作(该动作用一般过去时).如:

    While I was reading,I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了.

    While we were swimming in the river,we saw a fish jump out of the water.我们正在河中游泳时,看见一条鱼跃出了水面.

    〔相关链接〕

    while还有以下几种常见用法:

    1.只要(=as long as)

    There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水,就会有生命.

    2.而;然而〔表示对比〕

    He is a driver while I'm a teacher.他是司机,而我是老师.

    3.虽然(=although);尽管〔表示让步〕

    While I see what you say,I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你.

    4.用作名词,表示“一会儿或一段时间”,常与a,the或this等连用.如:

    Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下,我会来帮你的.

    Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你一直都在哪儿?

    ● when 与 while 区别版

    综上所述,我们可以看出when与while本质的区别在于:when既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的、非延续性的,也可以是延续性的;while指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的.即:指一段时间时,when可用while来代替;指一点时间时,when不能用 while来代替.试比较:

    When he woke up,it was eight o'clock.(√)

    While he woke up,it was eight o'clock.(×)

    When I was waiting for a bus,I met her.(√)

    While I was waiting for a bus,I met her.(√)

    ●练习版 Can you say the following sentences in English?

    1.当我们到达火车站时,天正下着雪.

    ______________________________

    2.孩子们正在做游戏,突然铃响了.

    ______________________________

    3.爸爸在洗车时,妈妈在做饭.

    ______________________________

    4.琳达正在跑步时伤了自己的左腿.

    ______________________________

    5.我们在西安时,每天见面.

    ______________________________

    Key:

    1.When we got to the train station,it was snowing.

    2.The children were playing games when the bell rang.

    3.While dad was washing his car,mum was cooking.

    4.When /While Linda was running,she hurt her left leg.

    5.When /While we were in Xi'an,we met every day. when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用.所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点. (一)、when,while都有“当……时候”的意思.when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间 .在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生. 例如: 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书. 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想. (二)、while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间.在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在. 例如: 1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他. 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业. (三)、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态. 例如: 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了. 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业