except,except for,besides三者的区别

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  • except,besides,except for用法的关联和区别

    1.作介词用法时,这三个词都有"除…之外"的含义,但except常与do/does/did/have/has/hadnothing等词形成搭配用法,或者与全部肯定词all、everything、everyone等连用,或者与全部否定词nothing、nobody等连用,因此except加宾语作介词"除…之外"时常表示从整体中剔除一部分;而besides作"除…之外"时则表示"另外附加"的含义,相当于"in addition to".试比较下列例句:

    1)He did not hing except watch TV yesterday.

    2)He said nothing except to smile just now.

    3)All the students took at rip except Tom yesterday.

    4)We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides/inaddition to us two.

    2.作介词用法时的except后可接多种情况的介词短语.在这种情况下,except后的介词是不可省去的,except加介词的实际作用就相当于连词加相关的从句.例如:

    1)The weather is fine today except in the northwest.此句相当于:

    The weather is fine today except that it is in the northwest.

    2)His mother never takes any exercise except on the dance floor.此句相当于:

    His mother never takes any exercise except that she has adance on the floor.

    需要强调的是except与exceptfor的用法区别:

    1)Except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而exceptfor后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的.例如,试比较:

    All the buildings are excellent except this one.

    All the buildings are excellent except for their location或者All the buildings are excellent except that the place on which the buidings are built is notgood.

    2)当except用在句首时往往改用exceptfor.例如:

    There was no single person in the dark street that night except apoliceman on his duty.此句相当于:

    Except for apoliceman on his duty,there was no single person in the dark street that night.

    3.相当于连词用法的except与相当于连词用法的besides的区别仍然保持它们作介词用法的含义.试比较下列例句:

    1)Tom is a good student except that he is careless.此句相当于:Tom is a goods tudent except for his carelessness.

    2)Tom seldom comes late to school except when it rains hard.此句相当于:Tom seldom comes late to school except on a heavily rainy day.