live,alive,living 之间的区别

1个回答

  • alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思,与dead意义相反.但live通常只作前置定语,且一般用于动物;alive、living不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后;living一般置于名词前,也可置于名词后),也可以作表语.

    如:

    This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)

    这是一条活鱼.(指动物,且作定语时,三者均可用)

    Who"s the greatest man alive(=living man)?

    谁是当今最伟大的人物?(指人,不能用live)

    The fish is still alive(=living)

    那条鱼还活着.(指动物作表语时不能用live).

    alive,living

    这两个词都表示“活着的”、“有生命的”(having life)意思,词义相同,但用法有所不同.

    Alive是表语形容词,放在verb“to be”之后,不能放在它所说明的名词之前.例如我们只可以说 The old man is still alive.

    Living既可用作表语形容词,又可用作定语形容词,故可放在它所修饰的名词之前.

    我们既可以说:

    English is a living language.

    也可以说:

    Is his father still living?

    就使用场合而言,alive大都用于人,有时用作比喻或强调时也用于物.例如:

    Given the chance to sing on stage,he is very much alive.

    有机会在台上唱歌,他显得很活跃.

    The bazaar was all alive by the time we arrived.

    我们到达时,墟市非常热闹.

    Living则人物共用(请参阅上面两例).

    就词性而言,alive只能用作形容词,不能作名词;living既可作形容词,又可作名词.例:

    Many people were burnt alive in the conflagration that happened in a multi-storeyed building.

    在一幢多层大厦内发生的大火中,很多人被活活烧死.

    Our living standards are rising steadily.

    我们的生活水平在不断提高.

    Those who enjoy a good living seldom understand the suffering of the poor.

    过着美好生活的人一般都不明白穷人所受之苦.

    在某些场合下,living和alive表示的涵义并不相同,尽管它们都用作表语.例如:

    At last we found him in a trap in the forest,still living but not alive.

    通过对比,可以看出,living之意是“活的”;alive 之意是“有气息的”.这里的not alive表示人虽然还活着,但已“气息奄奄”、“没有生气”了.

    Alive有时尚可表示“alert”“感觉到的”、“敏感的”涵义.如:

    He is alive to the imminent danger.

    他感觉到那迫在眉睫的危险.

    living主要指在某个时候是活着的,而alive指本来有死的可能,但仍活着的.而且,作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,只能用alive;作比喻义(如“活像.”、“活生生的”等)解时,要用living.

    如:

    The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语,不用living)

    那位敌方军官被活捉了.

    We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语,不用living)

    He is the living image of his father.(比喻义,不用alive)

    他活象他父亲.

    只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”,作主语时,视作复数.

    如:

    The living are more important to us than the dead.

    活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要.