1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称.如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词.如：who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征.如：good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序.如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态.如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等.如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词.如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系.如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子.如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情.如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”.通常用名词或代词担任.如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”.主要由动词担任.如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”.通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”.通常由名词或代词担任.如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任.如：
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任.如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法.
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等.
2、派生法：
(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等.
3、转换法：
(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等.
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等.
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等.
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等.
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等.
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续). 我有一些习题,自己找的
1.我建议这周末去野营,但是大部分同学不赞成.
I _______________________ this weekend,but _____________ the classmates don't agree.
2.你洗盘子时不要让水一直流淌.
Don't ______________ while you wash dishes.
3.Benny asked Daisy,“Who were you talking to?”
Benny asked Daisy who ________ _______ _____ ______?
4.“Turn that tap off.”a voice said angrily.
“Turn that tap off.”a voice _______ _______.
5.汤姆提议去海滩,但我们大多数人不同意他的建议.
Tom ________ _________ to the beach, but ______ ____ us didn't _____ _______ him.
6.你们决定为我们班做点什么事情?
What did you __________ _______ _________forour class?
7.Remember not to waste or pollute me.
________ ________ to waste or pollute me.
8.It is necessary for us to put on the picture now.
______ ______ _______ the picture now is necessary for us.
答案：
1 suggest going camping, most of
2 let the water flow all the time
3 you were talking to
4 shout angrily
5 suggest going, most of, agree with
6 decide to do
7 Don't forget
8 To put on
一、词汇
（一）按要求完成各题.
1.mean（名词）_______________ 2.heavy（比较级）________________
3.slowly（最高级）___________ 4.leave（现在分词）______________
5.wish（复数）________________
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空.
1.September is the_____________(nine) of month of the year.
2.Usually, he___________(catch)the No.11 bus to work. Now he is getting on the bus.
3.I'm stronger than he, but he is much_____________(good)than I at skating.
4.He is the_______________(short)man on the team, but he is the _____________(fast).
二、选择填空
( ) 1.In English, the last name is the__________.
A.given name B.family name C.middle name D.full name
( ) 2.What do you call James________short.
A.for B.to C.about D.of
( ) 3.Tom likes_________football game very much.
A.to see B.to look C.watching D.looking at
( ) 4.My father and I________see Aunt Alice next Saturday.
A.am going to B.are going to C.goes to D.go to
( ) 5.Let's walk to the shop. It______near.
A.quite B.is quite C.too D.is too
( ) 6.You're going to help the farmers_________.
A.pick apples B.picking apple C.pick apple D.picking apple
( ) 7.A big truck always carries________than a small one.
A.many B.much C.more D.most
( ) 8.Is Lily the________girl_______her class?
A.tallest;of B.tallest;in C.taller;in D.taller;of
( ) 9.Why_______do your homework first?
A.don't you B.not you C.are you D.do you
( )10.The boy is eating_________.
A.the time B.all the time C.all time D.sometimes
( )11.Let's talk about the difference____English names and
Chinese names.
A.of B.between C.for D.from
( )12.She must get up early______next morning.
A.in B./ C.on D.at
( )13.—What's your sister like?
—__________.
A.She likes all kinds of things.
B.She likes all of us.
C.She is tall.
D.She's very well. Thanks.
( )14.—What time shall we meet?
—Let's make it_______nine o'clock.
A.at B.on C.for D./
( )15.Listen! Can you hear him_______in the next room.
A.sings B.is singing C.to sing D.singing
三、按要求改写句子.
1.Jim is going to take a bus to work.(用 every day 改写)
Jim____________a bus to work every day.
2.I'd like to come, too.(改为一般疑问,并作肯定回答)
_________ ________like to come, too? I'd love to.
3.He needs a number 12 bus. (就划线部分提问)
__________bus_____________he____________
4.The Young Pioneers are going to have a picnic next Sunday.
(划线提问）
_______ ______the Young Pioneers_____ ______ _______next Sunday?
5.It's better for you to wear warm clothes. (改为同义句)
You________ ________ ______ warm clothes.
6.better, which, like, do, you, cats, dogs, or?（连词成句）
________ do you like______, cats or dogs?
四、完成句子.
1.我不能及时到校,因为交通很糟.
I can't get to school_____ ______because the traffic is bad.
2.快点!我想走快些.
________ ________! I want to go faster.
3.孩子们喜欢在户外玩.
Children love to play_________ _________ ________ ________.
4.我不能同意你的意见.
I can't____________ __________you.
5.彼得在离他家十公里的城镇工作.
Peter works in a_________about ten________ ________his home.
6.高老师正站在黑板前面.
Miss Gao is________ ________ ________ ________the blackboard.
答案：
一、（一）1.meaning 2.heavier 3.most slowly 4.leaving 5.wishes
(二)1.ninth 2.catches 3.better 4.shortest...fastest
二、B A C B B A C B A B B B C D D
三、1.takes 2. would you 3.Which...does...need?
4.What are...going to do 5.had better wear 6. Which...better
四、1.on time 2.Hurry up 3.in the open air 4.agree with
5.town...kilometres from 6.standing in front of