英语动词中vi和vt分别是什么意思,有何区别

3个回答

  • vi 是不及物动词, vt 是及物动词

    英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词.

    及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词.及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语.

    如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.

    其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语,需加上介词.

    及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语.实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词.我举一个例子,就说write.如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词.又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing.

    不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语.

    例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth.(不能说跑什么东西)

    分清及物不及物动词:

    分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:

    a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.如:

    He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

    Please hand me the book over there.

    They asked me to go fishing with them.

    类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.

    b.主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用与:"主+谓"结构.

    This is the room where I once lived.

    类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.

    c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.

    d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.

    这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起".

    He lifted his glass and drank.

    类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

    play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅

    ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)

    hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作

    在英语错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种.所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语.相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的.有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:

    ①a. We study every day.

    b. Do you study English every day.

    ②a. Please write clearly next time.

    b. Can you write your composition now?

    如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;

    *③a. The children are listening the music.

    b. The children are listening to the music.

    *④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

    b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

    反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:

    ⑤ John is giving a book to me.

    ⑥ Who will answer this question?

    如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:

    *⑦ Who will answer to this question?

    下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:

    “We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

    “Awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行.

    许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语.最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:

    ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

    ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

    ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

    显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的.

    下面是些类似的错误:

    ● The young must obey to their elders.

    ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

    ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

    ● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.

    ● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

    ● When did Susan marry with Paul?

    介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对.

    为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质.其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆.解决之道有二.第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:

     I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

     He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

    第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:

     Don't approach such a person.

     Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?