及物动词与不及物动词有什么区别呢?

2个回答

  • 及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类.1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如:

    I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

    2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如:

    Birds fly.鸟会飞.

    It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月.

    My watch stopped.我的表停了.

    She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.

    3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

    a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:

    Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

    She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(begin作及物动词)

    When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

    They left last week.他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词)

    b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:

    Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.

    Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?

    4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

    a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如:

    We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

    Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

    Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

    b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如

    serve为…服务.

    Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

    及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语

    动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:

    a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.如:

    He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

    Please hand me the book over there.

    They asked me to go fishing with them.

    类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.  b.主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用于:"主+谓"结构.

    This is the room where I once lived.

    类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.

    c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.

    类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.

    d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.  这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.

    如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".

    we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是"升高;举起".

    He lifted his glass and drank.

    类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt.敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植   play vi.玩耍 vt.打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt.嗅   ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt.说(语言)   hang vi.悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt.操作

    需要注意的一点是:少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语,如:I dreamed a dream last night