1.a little,a few,little,few
a little ；little 修饰不可数名词
a few ；few 修饰可数名词
有“a”的表示肯定“一点”,没有“a”的表示否定“几乎没有”
eg:There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里还有一点水.
There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有水.
A few people know it.只有几个人知道这一点.
Few people know it.几乎没有人知道这一点.
2.much,many “许多”
区别：many:修饰可数名词 much:修饰不可数名词
eg:Many hands make light work.人多好办事
There is still much work to be done.还有很多工作要做
【另】plenty of（大量的）可以修饰可数和不可数名词；
同样的功能的词还有some,any,a lot of,lots of
eg:There is plenty of time.时间还很充裕
There are plenty of eggs in the basket.篮里鸡蛋多的很
3.some any 一些
some 表示肯定含义,主要用于肯定句中
eg:There are some birds in the tree.书上有些鸟.
any 表示否定含义,主要用于否定或疑问句中
eg:Do you have any question?你有问题吗?
【注】在希望对方给出肯定回答时,提问也可用some
eg:Would you like some coffee?
4.other,others,another,the other
(1) other “另外的,其他的” 作定语修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词
eg:Where's my other glove?我的另外一只手套在哪儿?
Please look at the other side.请看反面
【注】在the other后面不接其他名词的情况下,表示两者中的另外一个.eg:He has two sons.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher.他有两个儿子,一个是医生另外一个是教师.
(2)others是other的复数形式,不可做定语而只能做主语、宾语、表语等成分.oters前不加定冠词时泛指“其他人或物”（但不能指其余全部）.
eg:Don't worry about others.不必担心其他人.
Many students are playing on the playground.Some are playing football; others are playing basketball.很多学生在操场上玩,其中有些在踢足球,另有一些人在打篮球.
5.more much many
more是much和many的比较级
eg:What more do you want?你还想要点什么呢?
Would you like to have some more tea?您要不要再喝点茶?