(1) differences in cultural symbol system.Symbol system is that people identify one of the symbols of different cultures,but also people the means to communicate by sign language and non-linguistic symbols of two parts.Linguistic symbols including written language and the language of El head; non-linguistic symbols,including body language,time,language,e-language and object language.Communication between people of different cultures must be achieved by means of specific symbols.However,due to the different cultures of the symbol system is not the same,resulting in differences in cross-cultural communication,misunderstanding.For example,Americans are usually very stressed time and time languages,such as some sort of start,how long:The Chinese people of the time the language is relatively vague,such as the cigarette of the work,a meal time,I go tomorrow morning looking for you,whether it is long,some a bit,there is some time flexibility.
(2) differences in cultural norms system.Standard system is a code of conduct constitutes a cultural system,standard system provides a kind of cultural activities in the direction of group members,methods and style,is a specific cultural values and institutionalized.System of norms of different cultures are different,which in cross-cultural communication often led to misunderstanding and conflict.Such as the Japanese and Americans to understand the conflict negotiation is different:Americans believe that the negotiations appear to compromise is normal,so the two sides negotiated a compromise with the moral taste; the Japanese,on the contrary,they brought to the negotiating table The considered opinion is,so they generally will not compromise at the negotiating table.
(3) cultural differences in cognitive systems.The first is a kind of cultural understanding and awareness of people from the world,life and values of three parts.Although cross-cultural communication,people will not be particularly concerned about their world,life and values,but no doubt behind these hidden knowledge in the cultural impact and so unconsciously we conducted cross-cultural communication.Because people from different cultural backgrounds of people to communicate with the assumption on the premise that different,that their information accordingly to the outside world's response to different stimuli.For example,Confucian culture,the clan is everything; in Puritan eyes,and their just struggle for God is everything.When a Puritan and a Chinese person talking about life goals,communication and the possibility of rupture is very large.
1.Correct attitude towards cultural differences.In cross-cultural communication,the differences between different cultures is an objective reality,which
Cross-cultural communication is a prerequisite.In order to effectively cross-cultural communication,the value to avoid unnecessary conflict,ineffective communication or communication misunderstanding,the correct treatment of cultural differences is a basic requirement.To this end,it should do:before the implementation of the communication,communication,communication between the two sides should at least understand each other culture and their own cultural existence in which all aspects of cultural differences and make related to the psychological preparation,and understand,the more detailed the better.In the communication process,for a more shallow level,differences in cultural symbols,should be flexible as much as possible the communication measures; for a more standardized system of deep-level understanding of system differences and communication barriers caused by differences,to be able to accurately identify and To the extent possible,from the unity of principle and flexibility.After the communication,should make every effort to communicate the experiences and lessons end,and after several communications,from which the communication of the relevant law.
2.Maintain a positive communication attitude.The main obstacles to cross-cultural communication are lack of evaluation of cultural biases,because those who do not maintain proper communication and the communication state of mind.There are three communication mentality,that is